冰雪运动员伤残与医疗保险研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘巍 《冰雪运动》2007,29(6):91-95

运用保险学、管理学等基本理论,采用理论分析和调研等方法,借鉴发达国家体育保险的经验,分析了我国体育保险现状,认为冰雪运动员伤残、医疗保险存在缺乏应有的保险理念,缺乏法律、制度、机制上的有力支持,缺乏筹资渠道和专门人才,缺乏市场培育等主要问题;提出了树立尽快建立与完善冰雪运动员伤残、医疗保险体系的保障理念,建立健全相关的政策法规体系,积极培育保险市场、转变体育保险运作模式,积极培养专门的冰雪运动保险人才等对策,为健全我国冰雪运动的伤残、医疗保险体系提供理论参考。  相似文献   

民族传统体育项目“蹴球”运动损伤的调查与分析     

李金容  李晓明 《体育科技文献通报》2008,16(6):97-98,101

对参加2006年湖北省第6届少数民族传统体育运动会的68名“蹴球”运动员和参加2006年浙江省第3届少数民族传统体育运动会的40名“蹴球”运动员共108名“蹴球”运动员的运动损伤进行调查。研究结果显示，“蹴球”运动损伤发生率很高，以大腿肌肉拉伤为主、其次是膝关节髌骨劳损病；局部负担过重、缺乏自我保护意识、技术动作问题和准备活动不充分等是造成损伤的主要原因；并提出了预防“蹴球”运动损伤的措施和建议。  相似文献   

软骨损伤动物模型的建立及分析方法     

吴宁  刘武 《大众科技》2015,(1)

目的:总结软骨损伤动物模型的建立及分析方法。方法:查阅软骨损伤动物模型的建立及分析方法的相关文献。结果:软骨损伤动物模型的建立主要从动物的选择、损伤部位、损伤方法以及损伤后的软骨分析等方面考虑,经过分析得出最符合人类急性应力损伤的造模方法,即撞击法。结论:软骨损伤动物模型的建立及分析方法很多,效果及应用各异。软骨损伤动物模型的损伤机制与人类之损伤机制越相似,治疗及相关研究就越有价值。由于撞击法模拟人类软骨急性损伤机制,因此撞击法建立软骨损伤动物模型备受重视。  相似文献   

侧切和急停起跳对篮球运动员前交叉韧带运动生物力学特征的影响     

张美珍  刘卉  李翰君  于冰 《北京体育大学学报》2015,38(4):65-70

目的:前交叉韧带断裂是体育运动中最常见的、严重的、治疗康复费高的膝关节运动损伤之一。研究目的是确定侧切和急停起跳动作对前交叉韧带运动生物力学特征的影响。方法:对男女各25名年龄在18~22岁的篮球运动员完成侧切和急停起跳动作时的下肢三维运动学、动力学和表面肌电特征进行采集和处理。运用2×2混合设计的双因素方差分析(ANOVA)对特征参数进行数理统计。结果:动作和性别对下肢水平向后地面反作用力、膝关节外翻力矩、膝关节内旋力矩、腘绳肌群肌电和压力中心到踝关节中心的水平距离具有显著性交互作用。结论与建议:所有篮球运动员完成侧切比急停起跳时膝关节伸膝力矩增加,这些差异使侧切动作发生ACL损伤的可能性更大。另外,仅男性篮球运动员进行侧切动作时更倾向于采用足跟着地方式、外翻力矩以及腘绳肌肌电更大。与男性相比,女性篮球运动员可能更容易导致ACL负荷增大。此外,在完成急停起跳动作中,男性篮球运动员比女性倾向于足尖着地且水平向后地面反作用力小。研究结果提示了在制定预防ACL损伤训练方案时,应根据不同动作和性别针对性地设计训练方式。  相似文献   

Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting     

Ayako Higashihara  Yasuharu Nagano  Kazumasa Takahashi  Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1366-1375

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting. Eight male sprinters performed maximal-effort sprints in two trunk positions: forward lean and upright. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to compute the musculotendon lengths and velocity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles during the sprinting gait cycle. The musculotendon lengths of all the three hamstring muscles at foot strike and toe-off were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. In addition, a positive peak musculotendon lengthening velocity was observed in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles during the late stance phase, and musculotendon lengths at that instant were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. The present study provides significant evidence that a potential for hamstring muscle strain injury involving forward trunk lean sprinting would exist during the stance phase. The results also indicate that the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles are stretched during forward trunk lean sprinting while contracting eccentrically in the late stance phase; thus, the elongation load on these muscles could be increased.  相似文献   

Increasing plantarflexion angle during landing reduces vertical ground reaction forces,loading rates and the hip’s contribution to support moment within participants     

K. Michael Rowley  James G. Richards 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(18):1922-1931

The ankle joint’s role in shock absorption during landing has been researched in many studies, which have found that landing with higher amounts of plantarflexion (PF) results in lower peak vertical ground reaction forces and loading rates. However, there has not yet been a study that compares drop landings within participants along a quantitative continuum of PF angles. Using a custom-written real-time feedback program, participants adjusted their ankles to an instructed PF angle and dropped onto two force platforms. For increasing PF, peak ground reaction force and peak loading rate during weight acceptance decreased significantly. The hip’s contribution to peak support moment decreased as PF at initial contact increased up to 30°. The ankle and knee contributions increased over this same continuum of PF angles. There appears to be no optimal PF angle based on peak ground reaction force and loading rate measurements, but there may be an optimum where joint contributions to peak support moment converge and the hip moment’s contribution is minimised.  相似文献   

Finale furioso: referee-biased injury times and their effects on home advantage in football     

Dennis Riedl  Bernd Strauss  Andreas Heuer  Oliver Rubner 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(4):327-336

  相似文献   

Effects of changing speed on knee and ankle joint load during walking and running     

Ana Cristina de David  Felipe Pivetta Carpes  Darren Stefanyshyn 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(4):391-397

Joint moments can be used as an indicator of joint loading and have potential application for sports performance and injury prevention. The effects of changing walking and running speeds on joint moments for the different planes of motion still are debatable. Here, we compared knee and ankle moments during walking and running at different speeds. Data were collected from 11 recreational male runners to determine knee and ankle joint moments during different conditions. Conditions include walking at a comfortable speed (self-selected pacing), fast walking (fastest speed possible), slow running (speed corresponding to 30% slower than running) and running (at 4 m · s^?1 ± 10%). A different joint moment pattern was observed between walking and running. We observed a general increase in joint load for sagittal and frontal planes as speed increased, while the effects of speed were not clear in the transverse plane moments. Although differences tend to be more pronounced when gait changed from walking to running, the peak moments, in general, increased when speed increased from comfortable walking to fast walking and from slow running to running mainly in the sagittal and frontal planes. Knee flexion moment was higher in walking than in running due to larger knee extension. Results suggest caution when recommending walking over running in an attempt to reduce knee joint loading. The different effects of speed increments during walking and running should be considered with regard to the prevention of injuries and for rehabilitation purposes.  相似文献   

Chlorogenic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury: the involvement of CYP450 metabolic enzymes and some antioxidant signals     

Chun Pang  Yu-chen Sheng  Ping Jiang  Hai Wei  Li-li Ji 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(7):602-610

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity and its engaged mechanisms. CGA reversed the decreased cell viability induced by AP in L-02 cells in vitro. In addition, CGA reduced the AP-induced increased serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) in vivo. The effect of CGA on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic (CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4) activities showed that CGA caused very little inhibition on CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic activities, but not CYP3A4. The measurement of liver malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels showed that CGA prevented AP-induced liver oxidative stress injury. Further, CGA increased the AP-induced decreased mRNA expression of peroxiredoxin (Prx) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, epoxide hydrolase (Ephx) 2, and polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K (Polr2k), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In summary, CGA ameliorates the AP-induced liver injury probably by slightly inhibiting CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic properties. In addition, cellular important antioxidant signals such as Prx1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ephx2, Polr2k, and Nrf2 also contributed to the protection of CGA against AP-induced oxidative stress injury.  相似文献   

Legitimizing the Wound: Mapping the Military's Diagnostic Discourse of Traumatic Brain Injury     

Tom Lindsley 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2015,24(3):235-257

Following reports spanning from the beginning of the OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom) and OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom) conflicts to the early 2010s, this rhetorical investigation analyzes the U.S. military's diagnostic practices used to identify mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in blast-affected troops. Considering the notion of “wound/injury” as a possible boundary object, this paper discusses how the conceptual framing of “invisible” injuries may produce interruptions of distrust that inhibit effective diagnosis.  相似文献